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《Highly Efficient Single-Phase Transformerless》.pdf
3118 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL. 57, NO. 9, SEPTEMBER 2010
Highly Efficient Single-Phase Transformerless
Inverters for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems
Samuel Vasconcelos Araújo, Student Member, IEEE, Peter Zacharias, Member, IEEE , and
Regine Mallwitz, Member, IEEE
Abstract—Driven by worldwide demand for renewable sources,
the photovoltaic market saw in the last years a considerable
amount of innovations regarding the construction and operation
of inverters connected to the grid. One significant advance, among
some that will be here discussed is, for example, the abolition of
the galvanic isolation in inverters installed in Germany. There,
transformerless topologies, like the H5 and Heric, can reach very
high levels of efficiency and allow the best cost–benefit ratio for
low-power grid-tied systems. This paper will follow this direction
and propose a single-phase transformerless inverter circuit being
composed of the association of two step-down converters. Each
one modulates a half-wave of the output current, as the correct
polarity of the connection to the grid is provided by low-frequency
switches. Due to its straightforward design, reduced amount of
semiconductors, and simple operation, it is possible to achieve Fig. 1. Overview of the grid-connected PV system concepts showing from the
a high level of efficiency and reliability. These and some other left to the right: module integrated, string, minicentral, multistring, and central
characteristics will be benchmarked against other existing circuits, inverter concepts.
being followed by a theoretical analysis on the properties of the
proposed solution. The project of a laboratory prototype will be evaluate
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