机动车尾气净化.pptVIP

* Section 4 新型动力车 Advanced Technology * 最新控制技术 冷启动排放控制 催化剂需要一定的起燃温度 前级催化剂 电加热催化剂 车载诊断技术(OBD) 自动检测诊断车辆排放系统状况 自动提示故障 存储信息有利于维修 * 未来汽车技术 混合动力技术 电动汽车技术 燃料电池汽车技术 This paper is designed to provide an overview of the commonly used strategies available to control mobile source air pollution. These strategies have been implemented in the United States and many other places in the world. Thus, there is a history of experience with these programs that can inform planners looking for ways to control air pollution from mobile sources. The focus here is on in-use control of highway mobile sources, rather than lawn and garden equipment, marine engines, locomotives, agricultural and construction equipment. While these latter categories are important, the focus for these vehicles, at least at this time in the United States, is on new equipment/engine standards rather than in-use control. In addition to an overview of mobile source strategies, this paper focuses on the question of inspection and maintenance and key issues associated with whether to implement a program, what benefits it can yield, and what factors must be considered in the design and operation of a program. I/M is a very complex program - probably these most complex mobile source control program. Thus, this paper does not address many details related to program design and operation. Such details consume volumes. Under ideal, theoretical conditions, combustion would look like this. Ignition of a combination of fuel and oxygen would yield energy, with carbon dioxide and water vapor as side products. The goal of mobile source pollution control has been to force technology and the users of combustion equipment to come closer to this ideal. This theoretical combustion equation does not happen in the real world. In reality, many things are going on and many factors are influencing the process. Another way to look at ideal combustion is to consider the ideal air fuel mixture. At an air-fuel mixture of 14.5: