新课程高考英语非谓语动词用法详解 牛津版必修5.docVIP

新课程高考英语非谓语动词用法详解 成分 形式 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语 不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ -ed分词 √ √ √ √ 在句中充当除了谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有三种：不定式，词分词。非谓语动词有时态和语态的变化，可以同否定词not连用，构成否定形式，可以带宾语，状语，补语。非谓语动词的名词，形容词，副词的特征；可用在句中做主语，宾语，补语，状语，和定语等。不定式不定式时态，语态一般式：不定式所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作或状态同时发生或几乎同时发生或存在。但多数情况下是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生。 e.g: They often watch us play football. (同时) She hopes to go there again. (之后发生) 完成式：不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前。 e.g: I’m glad to have seen your mother yesterday. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起让你久等了。注：1）表目的，通常用不定式的一般式，很少用它的完成式 e.g.: He worked very hard (in order) to finish the work by five. All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to be received in time for Christmas. To complete the project in time, the staff were working at weekends. 2）在seem appear to, 以及say, report, think, consider, believe, assume, expect, suppose, understand等”据说”之类意义的动词后，表示一个动作先于另一发生e.g.: The novel is believed to have been translated into Chinese. =It is believed that the novel has been translated into Chinese. The little girl showed no anxiety before the competition. She seems to have prepared it pretty well.= It seems that she has prepared it pretty well. Her dress has become loose. She appears to have lost weight. --Is Bob still performing? --I’m afraid not. He is said to have left the stage already as he has become an official. 这两种句式转换时，不定式的时态要看它的动作是先发生还是后发生，不定式动作先发生则用完成式，后发生或同时发生都用一般式 e.g.: It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped to speak. = Human beings are often said to be equipped to speak. 这种句式还常见于定语从句中，e.g.: The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported to have broken the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race. Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to have been missing since the flood hit the area last Friday. 3)有些动词如hope, expect, think, intend, mean(=intend), suppose, want等用“过去完成时+不定式一般式”表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图　e.g.: I had intended to write to you. 在should (would) like, would love 等后，表示没有实现的愿望 e.g: I shou