《antenna_appnote PartI Loop Antennas》.pdf

Antennas for RFIC Transmitter and Receiver Part I : Loop Antennas Efficiency of Small Loop Antenna Small size printed loop antenna is widely used in many applications for RFIC transmitters and receivers. The efficiency of a loop antenna becomes a key issue for the performance of the radio, and the antenna design has become more and more important. Since most loop antennas are very small in size, design of a loop antenna with acceptable efficiency is important. Impedance of small loop antenna a. Simplified Equivalent Circuit La Rr LL RL The loop antenna input impedance Zin is given by: Zin=(Rr + RL) + j2πf(La + Ll) Ω RrRadiation resistance RLLoss resistance of loop conductor (Dissipative Resistance) LaLoop antenna inductance LLLoop conductor inductance a. Radiation Resistance, Rr The radiation resistance of a small printed circuit board loop with area A at a frequency whose wavelength is λ is given by: 4 2 4 Rr=320π (A /λ )(1) b. Dissipative resistance The dissipative resistance in the loop, ignoring dielectric loss, is given in terms of the loop perimeter, P, the trace width, w, the magnetic permeability, µ = 400π nH/meter, the conductivity, σ (5.8 × 107 mohs/meter for copper is typical), and the frequency, f. RL=(P/2w)√πfµ/σ(2) The inductance of the loop is given in terms of the perimeter, P, the area, A , the trace width, w, and the magnetic permeability, µ. L=(µP/2π)ln(8A/Pw)(3) Antenna efficiency = Rr / Rr + RL ≈ Rr / RL To increase the efficiency, we need to increase the Re and reduce RL. Increase the antenna dimension or frequency will increase the antenna efficiency. Example of a small loop antenna of 25mm by 32mm, width is 0.9mm. Fig 1 70mm