艾纳螺Subzbrinus erraticus的环境艰辛度研究.pdfVIP

摘 要 摘 要 本论文以拟寄生捕食者麻蝇和寄主艾纳螺为研究对象，通过1、野外观察和样方调 查拟寄生事件；2 、形态学测量贝壳以及贝壳上的疤痕；3、麻蝇的实验室培养及寿命试 验；4 、宿主螺位-蝇羽化率试验，来研究拟寄生物麻蝇对艾纳螺的拟寄生情况，以及通 过艾纳螺贝壳上的疤痕来研究艾纳螺所遭受的捕食压力。 结果发现 1、艾纳螺种群中受过伤的占88.5%，平均每个艾纳螺受2.4 次伤害，伤 痕严重程度与贝壳形状、大小无关；2 、麻蝇对成熟艾纳螺专性拟寄生，每个受拟寄生 的艾纳螺个体中只能羽化出1 个麻蝇个体；3、羽化出的麻蝇个体的性比符合1:1，雌蝇 重于雄蝇，羽化出的麻蝇的体重与寄主艾纳螺个体大小正相关；4 、拟寄生事件主要发 生在灌草的中下层，30~45 cm 高度区段中的发生率占总发生率的43.8% ；5、拟寄生事 件发生后，艾纳螺螺轴朝向对羽化出的麻蝇的体重和存活时间无影响；6、麻蝇在选择 寄主艾纳螺时，不以艾纳螺是否有伤痕、伤痕数量及所受到的总的伤害为选择标准，而 贝壳的壳口伤纵深长度起关键的作用，麻蝇更倾向于选择伤痕浅短的艾纳螺个体；7、 雄蝇存活时间与寄主艾纳螺各贝壳特征无相关性；而雌蝇存活时间与其寄主艾纳螺的壳 高和螺层数正相关。 关键词 艾纳螺 伤痕 麻蝇 拟寄生 I Abstract Abstract In this thesis, I researched the parasitoid predator Miltogrammoides sp. (Sarcophagidae) predating the prey Subzebrinus erraticus (Pilsbry, 1934)(SE) and measure the scars on the SE shell to know the SE suffered the predation pressure. Four experiments were performed as, 1, field observation and sampling study of predation events; 2, the quantative study of SE shells and the scars; 3. laboratory culture and observation of M . sp; 4. The shell direction in fly predation event. The results showed that: 1, the SE population has a high repair frequency up to 88.5%, Averagely, each shell has more than two scars. The frequency of scars is independent of the shape and size of shell; 2, M. sp. is a specialist parasitoid predating mature SE. Each prey snail was infected by only one M. sp; 3, the sex ratio of M. sp. is subequal to 1:1. Female flies are weighter than male flies. The body weight of M. sp from new eclosion is related to the size of SE. 4, locations of parasitoids’ predation event were most frequently observed in the middle to lower portion of shrub and grass, i. e. the section within 30 ~ 45 cm y