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2材料科学基础英文版课件amp;#x5f11梁.ppt
Chapter ThreeStructures of Metals and Ceramics Lecturer: Shenhua SONG Unit cells Metallic crystal structures Ceramic crystal structures Crystal systems Crystallographic directions and planes Unit cells Small repeat atom groups in a crystal structure Metallic crystal structures (1) Three major types: 1) Face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structures 2) Body-centered cubic (BCC) crystal structures 3) Hexagonal close-packed (HCP) crystal structures Metallic crystal structures (2) 1) Face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure Metallic crystal structures (3) Two other features: coordination number (CN) and atomic packing factor (APF) CN: the number of nearest-neighbour atoms – 12 for FCC APF: the fraction of atom-occupied volume in a unit cell APF = (atom-occupied volume in a unit cell)/(unit cell volume) For FCC crystals: 4 atoms in a unit cell atom-occupied volume = 4?(4/3)(?R3) = 4?(4/3)?(3.14?(a?2/4)3 = 0.74a3 unit cell volume = a3 APF = atom-occupied volume/unit cell volume = 0.74 Metallic crystal structures (4) Interstices in FCC structures: octahedral interstices and tetrahedral interstices Metallic crystal structures (5) 2) Body-centered cubic (BCC) crystal structure Metallic crystal structures (6) Metallic crystal structures (7) 3) Hexagonal close-packed (HCP) crystal structure Metallic crystal structures (8) Metallic crystal structures (9) APF = atom-occupied volume/unit cell volume Metallic crystal structures (10) Metallic crystal structures (11) Density calculations for metals ? = (weight of atoms in each unit cell)/unit cell voulme = (nA/NA)/Vc n=number of atoms in each unit cell A=atomic weight NA=Avogadro’s number (6.023?1023) Vc=unit cell volume Metallic crystal structures (12) Density for Cu FCC structure: n=4, A=63.54, a= 0.36148 nm , NA= 6.023?1023 weight of atoms in each unit cell = nA/NA = 4?63.54/(6.023?1023) = 4.2198 ?10-22 g Unit cell volume = a3 = (0.36
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