河北农村父母外出对留守儿童乙肝疫苗接种的影响中国公共卫生.docVIP

河北农村父母外出对留守儿童乙肝疫苗接种的影响* 刘彩1， 王健2 摘要：目的 探讨河北省农村留守儿童与非留守儿童乙肝疫苗接种是否存在差异，父母外出及外出类型是否对农村儿童乙肝疫苗接种具有影响。 方法 在河北省保定市和石家庄市随机抽样4个县、12个村的1106名儿童进行入户调查，对所得数据进行统计描述和统计分析。结果 留守儿童与非留守儿童乙肝疫苗接种存在差异，但差距不断缩小；父母外出及外出类型对农村儿童乙肝疫苗接种具有影响。结论 应针对留守儿童特点，提高接种服务可及性，重视“母亲”角色，并采取健康教育、建立信息化平台等多种措施相结合。 关键词：留守儿童；外出务工；乙肝疫苗；预防接种 Influence of Parental Migration to Hepatitis B Vaccination of Left-behind Children in Hebei Province LIU Cai, Faculty of management of public services, School of Humanity and Management, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300073, China. Abstract: Objective To explore whether there are differences in Hepatitis B vaccination between left-behind children and non-left-behind children in rural area in Hebei province and whether parental migration and migration pattern affect Hepatitis B vaccination of their offspring. Methods 1106 children in 4 counties,12 villages are randomly selected and investigated in Baoding and Shijiangzhuang city in Hebei province and statistical analysis and description of the data was completed. Results There are differences in Hepatitis B vaccination between left-behind children and non-left-behind children in rural area in Hebei, but the gap is decreasing. Parental migration and migration pattern affect Hepatitis B vaccination of their offspring. Conclusion According to the characters of left-behind children,various of measures should be taken, such as improving the accessibility of immunization service, attaching importance to “motherhood”, health education and establishing informatization platform. Keywords: left-behind children; migrate for work; Hepatitis B; immunization 留守儿童是指父母双方或一方外出打工超过半年以上，而自己留在农村生活的孩子[1]。我国留守儿童在全体儿童中所占比例为8.05%，其中农村留守儿童占全部留守儿童的86.5%[2]。许多学者已经高度关注留守儿童的心理和教育等问题，而留守儿童免疫预防问题研究较少，更鲜有关注其乙肝疫苗接种的研究。从人口流动角度考虑，留守儿童的增加也给免疫规划工作带来新的问题。父母外出，导致监护权部分或全部转移，是否会对儿童乙肝疫苗接种带来影响，本研究以河北农村为例，重点阐述父母是否外出及其外出类型对儿童乙肝疫苗接种的影响，为该问题提供实证资料与政策建议。 1 资料与方法 1.1 调查对象及内容 按照经济发展水平和地理位置，在河北省的石家庄市和保定市分别