英语学习之句中结构的省略.docVIP

英语学习之句中结构的省略 一、省略句分类：句中结构的省略 1. 简单句的省略 a) 名词所有格之后的省略 He is going to his uncles (house). b) 含there be结构中的省略 (Is there) Anything wrong? c) 独立主格结构中的分词如为being或having been时的省略 The examination (being) over, we all left the school. d) 不定式的省略 ①并列的不定式 Her job is to take care of the elders and (to) wash their clothes. ②为避免重复，作某些动词hope, want等宾语或tell, order, ask的宾补时，省略不定式短语，只保留不定式符号to. The child wanted to play in the street, but her mother told her not to. （ 此句中 not to 后省略了和上文相重复的play in the street.） ③感官动词see, hear, feel, notice, hear或使役动词let, make, have,等后跟不定式作宾补时省略to. I saw the girl cross the street. I had my father repair my bike. 注意：当感官动词与使役动词用于被动时，需恢复to的省略。如：The girl was seen to cross the street. ④有had better, would rather, cant but 或Why not等句型后面直接跟动词原形，实际上是接省to的不定式。 You had better tell me the truth. I could not but (to) laugh at him. Why not go and ask the teacher for help? ⑤在回答问句及其它形式的答语中，如有和上文重复的不定式时，在答语中只保留其不定式符号to，而把动词和其它部分省略。 — Would you like to come to dinner tonight? — Id like to. But Im too busy. （ 此句中的Id like to 后省略了come to dinner tonight.） e) 介词（或介词短语）的省略 ①动名词前面的介词in在一定条件下常被省略 We spent a large sum of money (in) building the mansion. 而当spend money in doing sth. 结构用于被动语态时in不能省略 A large sum of money was spent in building the mansion. ②near或opposite作形容词表示“在…的附近”或“在…对面”时后接的介词to可省略 It is near (to) the airport, opposite (to) the supermarket. ③of +形容词+名词作补语表示大小、年龄、形状、颜色或价格时of常被省略 We are (of) the same age, I suppose. ④含有side, height, length, size, shape等惯用语前介词on有时可被省略 Try to keep your discourse (on) this side of 3000 words. ⑤有些动词、名词、形容词习惯搭配介词短语, 在以what, when, how, whether, that出现的从句或不定式短语之前有时被省略介词短语as to. Be careful (as to) how you do that. f) 同源宾语的省略 同源宾语的修饰语是形容词最高级或含有最高级意义时可以省去该同源宾语 During the football match, the fans all shouted their loudest (shout). She sang her sweetest (song). g) 英语中惯用的省略句型 即，What/How about后只跟名词、代词或动名词（短语），以及感叹句中的省略现象。 How about the two of us taking a walk down the garden? What a beautiful view (it is)! 2. 并列句中的省略 a) 并列句的省略是最常见的，一般说来，在后一并列句中凡是与上文相