2015_现代控制理论简述 毕业论文外文翻译.docVIP

Introduction to Modern Control Theory When differential equations are encountered, they are linearized and subjected to whatever constraints are necessary to establish useful input-output relationships. A recognition of the applicability of well-known methods in other fields of knowledge. Optimal control theory often dictates that nonlinear time varying control law be used, even if the basic system is linear and time-invariant. When nonlinearities and time variation are present, the very basis for classical techniques is removed. Some successful techniques such as phase-plane, describing function, and ad hoc methods, have been developed to alleviate this shortcoming . With an advancing technological society, there is a trend towards more ambitious goals. This also means dealing with complex system with a larger number of interesting components. The need for greater accuracy and efficiency has changed the emphasis on control system performance. The classical specifications in terms of percent overshoot, settling time, bandwidth, etc., have in many cases given way to optimal criteria such as minimum energy, minimum cost, and minimum time operation. Optimization of these criteria makes it even more difficult to avoid dealing with unpleasant nonlinearities. Optimal control theory often dictates that nonlinear time varying control law be used, even if the basic system is linear and time-invariant The concept of state occupies a central position in modern control theory. However, it appear in many other technical and non-technical context as well. In thermodynamics the equations of state are prominently used. Binary sequential networks are normally analyzed in term of their state. In everyday life, monthly financial statements are commonplace. The President’ state of the Union meesage is another familiar example. In all of these examples the concept of state is essentially the same. It is a complete summary of the status of the system at a particular point in time. Knowl