国际贸易中的环境问题和绿色贸易壁垒.docVIP

. . ? ? 国际贸易中的环境问题与绿色贸易壁垒 ? ? ? ? ? ? 提 要 ? 工业文明促进全球经济高速增长的同时，也导致了一系列严重的资源和环境问题的产生。国际贸易中自由贸易被看作破坏生态环境的重要因素之一，为此各国纷纷制定关于资源环境保护的政策法规和环境技术标准。由于各国在环境技术标准与水平上的差异以及一些环保法规条款的缺失，使绿色贸易壁垒作为一种新兴的非关税壁垒愈演愈烈，极大地阻碍了发展中国家产品的出口贸易。中国作为一个发展中大国，同样面临环境污染的严重挑战。而各国种类繁多的绿色壁垒将成为21世纪中国外贸发展的巨大障碍，应及早加以研究突破，以确保中国对外贸易乃至国民经济的可持续发展。 全文共分七章。第一章为绪论，主要介绍研究国际贸易中环保问题的目的与研究方法，概括了绿色贸易壁垒产生的背景。第二章分析了国际贸易中环境问题产生及对国际贸易中比较优势的影响。第三章介绍了WTO中有关环境规则与APEC环境市场的状况，并利用国际经济学模型对环境关税与环境补贴的福利效应加以对比。第四章详细论述了绿色贸易壁垒的种类、渊源及成因，从环境经济学的角度重点分析现行绿色贸易制度的缺失。第五章以定性与定量相结合的方法对中国外贸出口及至可持续发展的影响。第六章则具体针对绿色贸易壁垒提出切实可行的对策与建议。最后一部分为结论与展望，提出了本文的主要结论与创新之处，以及将来在工作中有待继续研究的方向。 ? 关键词： 环境关税 环境补贴 环境外部性 绿色贸易壁垒 绿色营销 ? ? ? ? ? ? ABSTRACT ? Industrial civilization has promoted the globe economy in high speed , at the same time ,it results in a series of grave problems in resources and environment . Among international trade, Free Trade is looked as one of the important factors which destroy the ecological environment . Thus many counties erect distinct policies 、regulations and technical standards related to trade and environment. Because of the large gap among countries in environmental technical standard and some defects of law clauses, Green Trade Barrier(GTB), as a new kind of Non-Tariff Barriers , has impeded the product export of developing countries . As a large developing country , China is also facing serious challenge stemming from environmental pollution. Various kinds of GTB are to be tremendous obstructions foreign trade in the 21st century. So we should study GTB as early as possible and break it through in order to ensure the sustained development of foreign trade and national economy. Thesis is divided into seven parts. Chapter One introduces the study objective and method of environmental protection problems, and generating background of Green Trade Barrier is also advanced. In Chapter Two, there is the analysis of generation of environmental issues during international trade. This parts analysis the influence of environment