LECTURETWO法律语言特点-精.pptVIP

Lecture Two Linguistic features of legal texts法律语言特点 R BC 一、法律语言分类Classification of legal language 二、法律语言的用词特点Lexical features of legal language 法律语言特点：词语的专业性、句法结构的模式性、表达方式的特定性、语体风格的庄严性 1.法律专业术语 仅用于法律领域，词义单一，表达准确，不含感情色彩。 E.g. 法人、自然人、正当防卫、民事行为能力、当事人、过错责任、过失责任、不作为 Defendant (被告)，plaintiff(原告)， serial killer (系列命案凶手)，homicide (杀人犯)，affray (在公共场所斗殴罪)，bigamy (重婚罪) 送达 传票 撤诉 一审 判决 上诉 终审 侵权 损害赔偿 过失责任 过错责任 连带责任 共同责任 Free on board Bill of lading Letter of credit Documents against acceptance Claim Force majeure Arbitration 2. 普通词汇转化为法律专业词汇 由普通词汇转化而来，在法律语境中具有专业含义 E.g. He was awarded $ 500 damages for the injury he suffered in the accident. (1) The testator died without issue. (2) The parties could not agree on the issue. (3) The passport was issued by the Liverpool office. (4) Parties must wait for process to issue from the court. Consideration Action Service Negligence Limitation Offer Acceptance Minor Instrument Preservation Execute Documentary Prejudice Conclusion Negotiation Avoid 日常英语词汇 Before After Begin According to If Obey Ask for Think For By 4. 古旧词 Aforesaid Forthwith Here words: hereafter, hereby, herein, hereinafter, hereinbefore, hereof, heretofore, hereunder, herewith Without let or hinderance Said Pursuant to Such Thence, thenceforth There words: thereabout, thereafter, thereat, thereby, therefor, therefore, therein, thereon, thereto, theretofore, thereunto (相当于in the document/place referred to), thereunder, thereupon, therewith Where words: whereas (相当于given the fact that), whereat, whereby, whereof Witness(以签名或宣誓方式作证时，如 In witness whereof, ... 特此证明) Ad hoc Alibi Bona fide Versus Force majeure Alien Assigns Color Curtesy Dower Demise Demur Fee Laches Lien Malfeasance ordain Record Remise Residue Suit Suffer Tort Specialty Purview style 6.并用近义词 为确保准确性和严密性，避免歧义，法律语言中常并列使用近义词。 求同型： Null and void 无效；terms and conditions 条款； provisions and stipulations 规定 求异型： Obligation and liability 义务和责任；interpretation and co