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LETTER doi:10.1038/nature14340 An ultrafast rechargeable aluminium-ion battery 1,2 1 1,3 1 1,4,5 1 1 Meng-Chang Lin *, Ming Gong *, Bingan Lu *, Yingpeng Wu *, Di-Yan Wang , Mingyun Guan , Michael Angell , Changxin Chen1 1 6 1 , Jiang Yang , Bing-Joe Hwang Hongjie Dai The development of new rechargeable battery systems could fuel var- lead to a substantial advance in energy storage technology3,8. However, 1,2 ious energy applications, from personal electronics to grid storage . research into rechargeable Al batteries over the past 30 years has failed Rechargeable aluminium-based batteries offer the possibilities of to compete with research in other battery systems. This has been due low cost and low flammability, together with three-electron-redox to problems such as cathode material disintegration4, low cell discharge properties leading to high capacity3. However, research efforts over voltage (,0.55 V; ref. 5), capacitive behaviour without discharge voltage the past 30 years have encountered numerous problems, such as plateaus (1.1–0.2 V, or 1.8–0.8 V; refs 6 and 7, respectively), and insuf- 4 cathode material disintegration , low cell discharge voltage (about ficient cycle life (,100 cycles) with rapid capacity decay (by 26–85% 0.55 volts;