新电子与通信工程专业英语 教学课件 徐存善 Unit 8.pptVIP

Basic Knowledge of Communication Basic Knowledge of Communication Groups or supergroups are moved around as single units by the communications equipment and it is not necessary for the radios to know how many channels are involved. A radio can handle a supergroup provided sufficient bandwidth is available. The size of the groups is a compromise as treating each channel individually involves far more equipment because separate filters, modulators and oscillators are required for every channel rather than for each group. However the failure of one module will lose all of the channels associated with a group. Time Division Multiplexing It is possible, with pulse modulation systems, to use the between samples to transmit signals from other circuits. The technique is known as time division multiplexing (TDM). To do this it is necessary to employ synchronised switches at each end of the communication link to enable samples to be transmitted in turn, from each of several circuits. Thus several subscribers appear to use the link simultaneously. Although each user only has periodic short time slots, the original analog signals between samples can be reconstituted at the receiver. Typical TDM system is shown in Fig. 8-2. Pulse Code Modulation In analog modulation, the signal was used to modulate the amplitude the amplitude or frequency of a carrier, directly. However in digital modulation a stream of pulses, representing the original, is created. This stream is then used to modulate a carrier or alternatively is transmitted directly over a cable. Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) is one of the two techniques commonly used. All pulse systems depend on the analog waveform being sampled at regular intervals. The signal created by sampling our analog speech input is known as pulse amplitude modulational (as shown in Fig. 8-3). It is not very useful in practice but is used as an intermediate stage towards forming a PCM signal. It will be see