MaxwellsEquations.pptVIP

Maxwells Equations WE 804 Module 4 Combination of Electric and Magnetic Field Relations So far, have the following surface integral relations Gauss’ Law Gauss’ Law for Magnetism  Faraday’s Law noted that a time-varying magnet field within a wire loop induces a voltage around the loop Without proof, we state the general form of Faraday’s law: summarizes the phenomena involved in transformers and electric generators holds in free space as well as within a conductor Generalized Ampere’s Law Ampere’s law shown earlier, is not quite complete! doesn’t account for “displacement current” an “imaginary” current (not associated with the motion of charges) but which can generate magnetic field think of a capacitor with vacuum in the gap conduction current into the capacitor is equal to charge density build-up: but E-field in gap is related to charge density: So where j is current density (current divided by cap. plate area) Generalized Ampere’s Law (cont.) General form of Ampere’s law, extended to include “displacement” currents Maxwell’s Equations: Integral Form The above summarizes Maxwell’s equations in integral form 4 equations Gauss’s Laws for electrical and magnetic flux Faraday’s Law Ampere’s Law (including displacement current) Stokes’ Theorem Maxwell’s equations more often used in differential form Transformation accomplished by Stokes’ theorem Stokes’ Theorem applied to electric fields Recall that the “curl” or cross product of a vector field yields a vector which represents its “rotation” Divergence Theorem concept of divergence its a “derivative” operation applied to a vector field, resulting in a scalar field (i.e. maps a vector at some location into a scalar value at that location) its a measure of the increase or decrease in flow rate (flux) in the flow in cartesion coordinates: Divergence theorem: (w/o proof) Maxwell’s Equations in Differential Form Applying Stokes’, we obtain: note: and Applying the divergence t