hvdc输电系直流接地极电流场分布的仿真研究.pdf

摘 要 双极直流输电线在单极运行时会有比较大的工作电流长期经接地电极流散，为了 避免接地电极附近土壤的局部过热，要求经接地电极流散的电流尽可能地均匀分布， 对各种形式和布置的直流接地极的电流场 （包括接地极表面电流分布）进行计算分析， 是直流接地极的设计中面临的重要问题。 本文提出用数值计算的方法研究直流接地极电流场分布的问题。首先介绍了镜象 法，此方法用于解决电流场分析中土壤非均匀的问题，同时也是直流接地极电流场计 算的基础；然后介绍并分析了接地极分析的几种模型，这些模型用于解决电流场分析 中模拟电流的选取问题，在对几种线电流模型与环电流模型的仿真和比较后，文中提 出了兼顾计算精度与运算速度的可编程的等电位条件线电流模型，并编制了计算程 序，其计算结果与国内外学者的计算结果能很好的吻合，并以此编程思想为基础进一 步分析了圆环接地极的电流场分布特性。同时针对不同情况下接地极的埋深特性与双 层土壤情况下接地电阻进行了研究与比较。 文中仿真分析了垂直接地极埋深对接地电阻的影响，以及接地电流在双层土壤中 的分布等。同时，在特高压输电的环境与参数下，研究了双圆环的电流溢散情况，以 及双圆环非等深埋设情况下的电流场分布，并对此设想进行了原理分析，为今后直流 输电多圆环接地极布置方式带来一些启发。 关键词：直流接地极，电流场分布，线电流法，环电流法，电流密度 I ABSTRACT There will be relatively large currents which are long-term dispersed by the grounding electrode in bipolar HVDC transmission line in a unipolar operation. To avoid the local overheating of soil near the grounding electrode, the currents dispersed by grounding are required to be distributed uniformly as possible. The calculation and analysis on current field of DC grounding electrode with all kinds of forms and layout (including surface current distribution of grounding electrodes), is a very important problem in the design of DC ground electrode. A numerical calculation method on DC ground current distribution problems is presented in the thesis. The mirror image method is introduced firstly, which is used to solve the soil nonuniformity problem in current field analysis, and the method is the basis of DC ground electrode current field calculation as well. Several models in the DC ground electrode analysis are introduced secondly, which are used to solve the issue of the simulation current selection in curr