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小测试 Unit 3 Reaction Engineering /Lesson 12 Reactor Types Stirred tank reactor（搅拌釜式反应器） A batch（间歇式的） stirred tank reactor is the simplest type of reactor.? It is composed of a reactor and a mixer（混和器） such as a stirrer（搅拌子，搅拌器）, a turbine wing（涡轮桨） or a propeller（螺旋桨）. The batch stirred tank reactor is illustrated below: This reactor is useful for substrate（基质） solutions of high viscosity and for immobilized enzymes （固定化酶）with relatively low activity（低活性）. However, a problem that arises（出现，发生，引起） is that an immobilized enzyme tends to decompose （分解）upon physical stirring. The batch system is generally suitable for the production of rather small amounts of chemicals. A continuous stirred tank　reactor （连续搅拌釜式反应器） is shown below: The continuous stirred tank reactor is more efficient than a batch stirred tank reactor but the? equipment is slightly more complicated. 2 Tubular Reactor（管式反应器） Tubular reactors are generally used for gaseous reactions, but are also suitable for some liquid-phase reactions. If high heat-transfer rates are required, small-diameter tubes are used to increase the surface area to volume ratio（表面积－体积比）. Several tubes may be arranged （被安排，设计成）in parallel（平行）, connected to a manifold（歧管，管汇） or fitted into （安装在）a tube sheet（管板） in a similar arrangement to （与…相似的布置）a shell and tube heat exchanger（管壳式换热器）. For high-temperature reactions the tubes may be arranged in a furnace（炉）. Fluidized bed　Reactor （流化床反应器） A fluidized bed reactor (FBR) is a type of reactor device that can be used to carry out a variety of multiphase（多相的） chemical reactions. In this type of reactor, a fluid (gas or liquid) is passed through a granular（粒状的） solid material (usually a catalyst possibly shaped as tiny spheres（微球）) at high enough velocities to suspend the solid and cause it to behave as though it were a fluid. This process, known as fluidization（流化）, imparts （给予，赋予）many important advantages to the FBR. As a result, the fluidized bed reactor is now used in many