时序电路的设计移位计数器chenyu.ppt

Review of last class an MSI 4-bit bidirectional, parallel-in, parallel-out shift register  (4位双向移位寄存器74x194) Function table for the74x194 4-bit universalshift register 8.5.3 Shift-Register Counters Serial/parallel conversion is a “data” application, but shift registers have “nondata” applications as well. A shift register can be combined with combinational logic to form a state machine whose state diagram is cyclic. Such a circuit is called a shift-register counter. Unlike a binary counter, a shift-register counter does not count in an ascending or descending binary sequence, but it is useful in many “control” applications. 8.5.5 Shift-Register Counters(移位寄存器计数器) 8.5.6 Ring Counters (环型计数器) self-correcting counter self-correcting counter is designed so that all abnormal states have transitions leading to normal states. Self-correcting counters are desirable for the same reason that we use a minimal-risk approach to state assignment : If something unexpected happens, a counter or state machine should go to a “safe” state. 8.5.6 Ring Counters (环型计数器) Johnson Counter（扭环计数器） Shift-Register Counters RING COUNTER(P735) The major appeal of a ring counter for control applications is that its states appear in 1-out-of-n decoded form directly on the flip-flop outputs. That is,exactly one flip-flop output is asserted in each state. Furthermore, these outputs are “glitch free”. For the general case, an n-bit self-correcting ring counter uses an n-1-input NOR gate, and corrects an abnormal state within n - 1 clock ticks. Johnson counter(P533) An n-bit shift register with the complement of the serial output fed back into the serial input is a counter with 2n states and is called a twisted-ring, Moebius, orJohnson counter. An n-bit Johnson counter has 2n - 2n abnormal states, and is therefore subject to the same robustness problems as a ring counter. Johnson counter self-correcting Self-correcting 4-bit,4 state ring counter with a single circulating