高电压技术 作者 吴广宁 3.3.pptVIP

3.3 液体电介质的击穿 3.3 Breakdown in liquid dielectrics 关于液体电介质击穿的机理，到目前还很不完善。不少研究得到的实验结果差异大，无法进行分析比较。 The breakdown mechanism of liquid dielectrics is up to now still not perfect and many results of the experiment are so different that they can not be able to be analyzed. 近年来随着液体净化技术不断的提高，建立了一些比较粗糙的液体介质击穿理论。 In recent years,with the improvement of liquid purification technology, some primary breakdown theory of liquid medium was established. 在线教务辅导网： 教材其余课件及动画素材请查阅在线教务辅导网 QQ:349134187 或者直接输入下面地址： 3.3.1 高度纯净去气液体电介质的电击穿理论 3.3.1 Electric breakdown theory of high purity deaerated liquid dielectric 3.3.2 含气纯净液体电介质的气泡击穿理论 3.3.2 Bubble dielectric breakdown theory of pure liquid containing gas 3.3.3 工程纯液体电介质的杂质击穿 3.3.3 Impurities breakdown of engineering pure liquid dielectric 本节内容 Contents in this section 假设液体分子热振能量是量子化的，那么当液体分子基团的固有振动频率为υ时，在与电子的一次碰撞中，液体分子平均吸收的能量仅为一个振动能量子hυ（h是普朗克常数）。 Provided hot vibration energy of liquid molecules is quantized, when the inherent frequency of liquid molecular groups is υ, in a collision with electron, average energy absorbed by liquid molecular is only a vibration quantum of hυ (h is Planck’s constant). 1. 碰撞电离开始作为击穿条件 Breakdown beginning from collisions ionization 3.3.1 高度纯净去气液体电介质的电击穿理论 3.3.1 Electric breakdown theory of high purity deaerated liquid dielectric 电子在相邻两次碰撞间从电场中得到的能量大于hυ时，电子就能在运动过程中逐渐积累能量，至电子能量达到一定值时，电子与液体相互作用时便导致碰撞电离。 In the two continuity of collisions, if electron obtains energy from the field higher than hυ, then electron can accumulate more energy gradually in motion until reaches a certain value, interactions between electron and liquid will cause collision ionization. 设电子电荷为 ，电子平均自由行程为λ，电场强度为E， 则碰撞电离的临界条件为： Provided electron charged of , average free path of λ, and the electric field strength E, then the critical conditions of impact ionization as: (3-16) 式中，C—大于1的整数。 Where, C - an integer greater than 1. 击穿场强为 Break