高一飞姜敏-交通肇事罪立法的比较和反思.docVIP

交通肇事罪立法的比较与反思 高一飞 姜敏( (法学院，西南政法大学，重庆，401120) 原载《社会科学研究》，2010年第1期，第8—15页。 [摘 要]孙伟铭案件是交通肇事行为受刑罚惩罚最严厉的案件。该案已盖棺定论，但引起的对交通肇事罪本身的反思却没有结束，反映出我国交通肇事罪立法和司法解释的困境。在域外，交通肇事行为的刑事立法有多种形式：只处罚故意类的交通肇事行为；将“醉驾”行为单独规定为犯罪；规定交通危险犯；规定交通肇事罪的结果犯；将交通肇事后逃跑行为单独规定为罪；规定不救助罪。我国交通肇事罪立法中忽略了交通肇事中“放任”这一主观罪过可能存在的情况；对“交通肇事后逃逸行为”和“交通肇事后逃逸致人死亡”的独立性缺乏立法反映。我国交通肇事行为刑事立法应当从两个方面进行完善：一是把醉酒驾驶和交通肇事后的逃逸行为独立成罪；二是区分不同交通肇事罪的罪过，确立交通肇事罪中过失和间接故意两种罪过形态。 [关键词]交通肇事罪 醉酒 逃逸 致人死亡 立法完善 [Abstract]Case of Sun weiming faces a most severe punishment in the cases of crime of traffic accident and has already decided. However, the reflection of the crime is not ended. In the extraterritorial legislation, there are various forms in criminal legislation of the traffic accident: only criminalized intentional traffic accident behavior; criminalized drunk driving behavior independently; criminalized the traffic Potential Damage behavior; criminalized the results of the traffic accident crime independently; criminalized the escape behavior after traffic accident independently; criminalized “no rescue” after traffic accident independently. China traffic accident crime legislation ignored the subjective laissez-faire in the traffic accident was exist; the independence of the the escape behavior after traffic accident and the escape causing death after traffic accident lack legislation reflection. China traffic accident criminal legislation should be improved in two aspects: First, separate the drunk driving and escape behavior after traffic accident from traffic accident crime as two independent crimes; secondly, distinguish different mentalities in different traffic accident: negligence and indirect intentional. [Key words] the crime of traffic accident; drunk; escape; cause death; reform of legislation 一、“孙伟铭案”突现交通肇事罪法律困境 （一）案情 2008年12月14日下午，29岁的孙伟铭为亲戚祝寿大量饮酒后，开着他的别克车与一辆比亚迪发生追尾，然后迅速逃逸。在驾车逃逸过程中，与一辆正常行驶的小轿车迎面相撞，造成四人死亡、一人重伤。然而他依旧没有选择停车，又与另外三辆轿车相撞，直到自己的别克车完全损坏。而后对孙伟铭的血液酒精含量进行检测，检测结果显示，100毫升的血液中含有135.8毫克的酒精。按照标准，100毫升血液中含有80毫克酒精就属于醉酒状态。由此