LectureWordformationb.ppt

Sichuan University ZUO Hongshan Lecture 3 Word Formation (1) Spring is gay with flower and song, Summer is hot and the days are long, Autumn is rich with fruit and grain, Winter brings snow and the New Year again. Spring is gay with flower and song, 春光明媚，鸟语花香， Summer is hot and the days are long, 夏日炎炎，夜短昼长， Autumn is rich with fruit and grain, 秋季丰收，粮果满仓， Winter brings snow and the New Year again. 冬飘瑞雪，新年在望。 An overview 1 General Remarks 2 Prefixation 3 Suffixation 4 Conversion 5 Compounding 1 General Remarks The three major word-formation processes affixation or derivation (17.5%) Prefixation suffixation conversion (10.5%) composition or compounding (27%) 2 Prefixation Prefixation is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems. Prefixes do not generally change the word-class of the stem but only modify its meaning. However, there is an insignificant number of class-changing prefixes. Non-class-changing prefixes: natural-unnatural, like-dislike, fair-unfair Class-changing prefixes: force-enforce, danger-endanger, form-deform, little-belittle, war-postwar, college-intercollege 2 Prefixation Classification of prefixes In some reference books, prefixes (and suffixes) are classified according to their source, but this does not seem to help from a practical point of view. It seems more helpful to classify the most important productive prefixes by their meaning into the following ten categories: 2 Prefixation 1) Negative prefixes Order Literate Symmetry Governmental Relevant Productive Believable Vulnerable Sane Related Aligned Mature Disorder Illiterate Asymmetry Nongovernmental Irrelevant Unproductive Unbelievable Invulnerable Insane Unrelated Nonaligned Immature 2 Prefixation 2) Reversative or privative Centralize Plane Infect Zip Regulate Possess Pollute Decentralize Deplane Disinfect Unzip Deregulate Dispossess Depollute 2 Prefixation 3) Pejorative prefixes 4) Prefixes of degree or size Computer Critical Conscious Matural Sensitive S