轮船之源.pptVIP

1807年8月，新造的“克莱蒙特” 铁壳轮船出现在美国哈德逊河上。船长45米，宽4米。8月17日，“克莱蒙特”号升火启航明轮推动江水发出哗哗的响声。32小时的逆水航行距离为240千米（最好的帆船，一路顺风需48个小时） 。 “克莱蒙特”号顺水回航时仅用了30个小时，平均时速达到5.6千米，从此揭开了轮船时代的帷幕。 明轮（Paddle Steamers）优缺点 缺点：行驶时明轮有一半在空中转动，装上明轮后船的宽度和航行时的阻力大大增加了；停靠码头时，易与两旁的船发生碰撞；如果水草一类的缠绕绞住明轮的叶片或轴，明轮就无法转动。 * 轮机概论 Introduction to Marine Engineering [ * ] 轮船名源 轮船名称的来源 船舶动力的发展：人力→自然力→机械动力 机械动力：蒸汽机、蒸汽轮机、内燃机等 推进器的发展：桨或橹、帆、明轮、螺旋 桨、喷水推进器等 “轮船之父”-富尔顿·罗伯特 美国人富尔顿·罗伯特是一位画家，1766年出生于美国。富尔顿和蒸汽机发明家瓦特是好朋友。 Fulton 轮机概论 Introduction to Marine Engineering [ * ] 轮船名源 轮机概论 Introduction to Marine Engineering [ * ] 轮船名源 轮机概论 Introduction to Marine Engineering [ * ] 轮船名源 优点：比风帆推动的船先进。可在无风的天气条件下行驶，航行起来稳定可靠，操纵灵活。 轮机概论 Introduction to Marine Engineering [ * ] 轮船名源 Propellers: Its first use was in a steam-driven boat at N.Y. in 1804. Advantages over paddle-wheels are, 1) not substantially affected by normal changes in draft; 2) not easily damaged; 3) decreasing the width of the ship, 4) good efficiency driven by lighter engine. Since then, propellers have dominated in use of marine propulsion. Propeller (5-blade) 轮机概论 Introduction to Marine Engineering [ * ] 轮船名源 Propeller (5-blade) Rudder 比风帆推动的船先进 轮机概论 Introduction to Marine Engineering [ * ] 轮船名源 Jet type: Water is drawn by a pump delivered sternwards as a jet at a high velocity. The reaction providing the thrust. It’s use has been restricted to special types of ships. Jet Propulsion 轮机概论 Introduction to Marine Engineering [ * ] 轮船名源 Nozzles (Duct) Propellers: main purpose is to increase the thrust at low ship speed (tug, large oil tanker) 轮机概论 Introduction to Marine Engineering [ * ] 轮船名源 Vertical-Axis Propellers: Advantage is to control the direction of thrust. Therefore, the ship has good maneuverability. 轮机概论 Introduction to Marine Engineering [ * ] 轮船名源 Controllable-Pitch Propellers (CCP): The pitch of screw can be changed so that it will satisfy all working conditions. 轮机概论 Introduction to Marine Engineering [ * ] 轮船名源 Tandem and Cont