宏观经济学原理课件4.ppt

Production and Growth生产与增长 Chapter 4 Analysis Approach LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this chapter, we should understand: ☆ how much economic growth differs around the world.世界各国经济增长有多大不同 ☆ why productivity is the key determinant of a country’s standard of living.为什么生产率是一国生活水平的关键决定因素 ☆ the factors that determine a country’s productivity.决定一国生产率的因素 ☆ how a country’s policies influence its productivity growth.一国的政策如何影响其生产率增长 Production and Growth Video US PRODUCTIVITY DECLINES IN Q2.mp4 Production and Growth生产与增长 A country’s standard of living depends on its ability to produce goods and services. 一国的生活水平决定于它生产物品与劳务的能力。 Production and Growth生产与增长 Within a country there are large changes in the standard of living over time. 即使在一个国家内，生活水平也随着时间推移而发生了巨大变化。 Production and Growth生产与增长 In the United States over the past century, average income as measured by real GDP per person has grown by about 2 percent per year. 在美国过去一个世纪里，按人均实际GDP衡量的平均收入每年增长2％左右。 Production and Growth Productivity refers to the amount of goods and services produced for each hour of a worker’s time. A nation’s standard of living is determined by the productivity of its workers. 生产与增长 生产率 是指一个工人一小时生产的物品与劳务量。 一国的生活水平决定于它的工人的生产率。 Table 1 The Variety of Growth Experiences 表1. 不同的增长经历 Economic Growth Around the World世界各国的经济增长 Living standards, as measured by real GDP per person, vary significantly among nations. 人均实际GDP数据表明各国生活水平差别很大。 Economic Growth Around the World世界各国的经济增长 The poorest countries have average levels of income that have not been seen in the United States for many decades. 最穷的国家的平均收入水平是美国几十年来所没有看到的。 Economic Growth Around the World Annual growth rates that seem small become large when compounded for many years. Compounding refers to the accumulation of a growth rate over a period of time. 世界各国的经济增长 看起来很小的增长率在许多年的复利计算之后变得很大。 复利计算 是指在一个时期内的增长率的累积。 Compounding and the Rule of 70复利计算与70规则的魔力 According to the rule of 70, if some variable grows at a rate of x percent per year, then that