Chapter11Part2.ppt

Chapter 11Part 2 Metals and Alloys Nomenclature of Steels Historically, many methods for identifying alloys by their composition have been developed The commonly used schemes in this country are those developed by AISI/SAE and ASTM The American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) and the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) European countries, Japan, Russia etc. developed their own schemes In order to avoid confusion, the Universal/Unified Numbering System (UNS) was developed AISI/SAE Classification of Steels A four digit description First two digits identify the alloy type Last two digits indicate the carbon content For example AISI/SAE 1020 steel is a plain carbon steel (10xx) which has 0.20 wt.% carbon (xx20) Plain carbon steel (10xx) are inexpensive, but have several limitations including: Poor hardenability because the critical cooling rate is very high Rapid cooling leads to distortion and cracking Poor corrosion resistance Poor impact resistance at low temperature Alloy steels were developed to address these issues Alloying changes the eutectoid composition, the eutectoid carbon content and the critical cooling rate These alloys are more expensive, but a better combination of properties is obtained AISI/SAE Classification of Steels Overview of UNS Axxxxx - Aluminum Alloys Cxxxxx - Copper Alloys, including Brass and Bronze Fxxxxx - Iron, including Ductile Irons and Cast Irons Gxxxxx - Carbon and Alloy Steels Hxxxxx - Steels - AISI H Steels Jxxxxx - Steels - Cast Kxxxxx - Steels, including Maraging, Stainless, HSLA, Iron-Base Superalloys L5xxxx - Lead Alloys, including Babbit Alloys and Solders M1xxxx - Magnesium Alloys Nxxxxx - Nickel Alloys Rxxxxx - Refractory Alloys R03xxx- Molybdenum Alloys R04xxx- Niobium (Columbium) Alloys R05xxx- Tantalum Alloys R3xxxx- Cobalt Alloys R5xxxx- Titanium Alloys R6xxxx- Zirconium Alloys Sxxxxx - Stainless Steels, including Precipitation Hardening and Iron-Base