Chapter2KinematicsDeformationandFlow.PDF

Chapter 2 Kinematics: Deformation and Flow 2.1 Introduction We need a suitable mathematical framework in order to describe the behaviour of continua. Our everyday experience tells us that lumps of matter can both move (change in position) and deform (change in shape), so we need to be able to quantify both these effects. Hopefully, you are already be familiar with the kinematics of individual particles from basic mechanics. In classical particle mechanics, the position of the particle is described by a position vector r (t) measured from a chosen origin in three-dimensional Euclidean space, 3 . The position is a function of one-dimensional E continuous time, t ∈ [0, ∞), and contains all the information that we need to describe the motion of the particle. Ωt Ω0 χt r R e2 e1 e3 Figure 2.1: A region Ω0 is mapped to the region Ωt by the mapping χt which carries the material point r ∈ Ω to the point R ∈ Ω . 0 t In continuum mechanics, we need to account for the motion of all the “particles” within the material. Consider a continuous body that initially occupies a region1 Ω0 of three-dimensional 3 Euclidean space E , with volume V and surface ∂V ≡ S . The body can be regarded as a 0 0 0 1If you want to get fancy you can call this an open subset. 32 collection of particles, called