day14DAS.ppt-Rose-Hulman.pptVIP

Day 14: Heat treatments of Steel Quenching and Tempering Steel (Basic, more complete discussion later) Spheroidizing Full Annealing Normalizing Hardenability (More on the quenching and tempering process.) * Based on data provided in Tables 11.1(b), 11.2(b), 11.3, and 11.4, Callister 7e. Steels Low Alloy High Alloy low carbon 0.25 wt% C Med carbon 0.25-0.6 wt% C high carbon 0.6-1.4 wt% C Uses auto struc. sheet bridges towers press. vessels crank shafts bolts hammers blades pistons gears wear applic. wear applic. drills saws dies high T applic. turbines furnaces V. corros. resistant Example 1010 4310 1040 43 40 1095 4190 304 Additions none Cr,V Ni, Mo none Cr, Ni Mo none Cr, V, Mo, W Cr, Ni, Mo plain HSLA plain heat treatable plain tool austenitic stainless Name Hardenability 0 + + ++ ++ +++ 0 TS - 0 + ++ + ++ 0 EL + + 0 - - -- ++ increasing strength, cost, decreasing ductility Quenching and Tempering We have found that Martensite (M) is very hard, strong, and brittle. It sees little use as an end product. But, if we reheat to below 727, (250-650) and leave the M there for a while, it changes into something with real usefulness. Tempered Martensite. (TM) TM is ferrite, with an extremely fine dispersion of roughly spherical particles of Fe3C. Extremely strong, but has ductility and toughness. This is the primo stuff, as far as steel goes. A Typical QT Steel We will use Matweb to look over a couple of steels. Note the differences in strength and ductility in a 1060 Steel. The annealed steel with have very coarse pearlite. The QT steel will have very finely distributed cementite. Process UTS Yield %EL Hardness Annealed 90.6 ksi 53.7 ksi 22 88 Q T 148.7 ksi 98.2 15 99 Spheroidizing Strangely, sometimes we would like the steel to be just as soft and ductile as absolutely possible. Why, do you think? Pearlite is not the lowest energy arrangement possible between ferrite and cementite. If heated to just below the eutectoid temperatur