DeformationofRocks-SOEST.PDF

Deformation of Rocks Deformation of Rocks Rock Deformation Rock Deformation Large scale deformation of the Large scale deformation of the Earth’s crust = Plate Tectonics Earth’s crust = Plate Tectonics Smaller scale deformation = Smaller scale deformation = structural geology structural geology 1 Deformation of rocks Deformation of rocks Folds and faults are geologic Folds and faults are geologic structures structures Structural geology is the Structural geology is the study of the deformation of study of the deformation of rocks and the effects of this rocks and the effects of this movement movement Small-Scale Folds Small-Scale Folds 2 Small-Scale Faults Small-Scale Faults Deformation – Stress vs. Strain Deformation – Stress vs. Strain Changes in volume or shape of a rock Changes in volume or shape of a rock body body = strain = strain 3 Stress Stress The force that acts on a rock unit to The force that acts on a rock unit to change its shape and/or its volume change its shape and/or its volume Causes strain or deformation Causes strain or deformation Types of directed Stress include Types of directed Stress include Compression Compression Tension Tension Shear Shear Compression Compression Action of coincident oppositely directed forces Action of coincident oppositely directed forces acting towards each other acting towards each other 4 Tension