GoldNanoparticles-TreatedWaterNovelty-Nature.docVIP

Supplementary Information Innovative Strategy on Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Utilizing Activated Liquid Water Bing-Joe Hwang 1, Hsiao-Chien Chen 2, Fu-Der Mai 2,3, Hui-Yen Tsai 2, Chih-Ping Yang4, John Rick 1 Yu-Chuan Liu 2,3,* 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Taipei 10607, Taiwan 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University No. 250, Wuxing St., Taipei 11031, Taiwan. 3 Biomedical Mass Imaging Research Center, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing St., Taipei 11031, Taiwan. 4 Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing St., Taipei 11031, Taiwan. B.-J. Hwang and H.-C. Chen. contributed equally to this work. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Y.-C. Liu, (E-mail: liuyc@tmu.edu.tw). Supplementary Discussion 1. DNHBWs on differently treated water As demonstrated in Table S1, ceramic particle-treated (CPT) water was obtained by similar preparation conditions to those used to prepare RHBW, but without Au NPs on the ceramic particles. A super HRHBW Raman spectrum was obtained by irradiating DI water-wetted ceramic-supported Au NPs with laser light at 532 nm. Similar values of 21.46% and 21.24% for DI and CPT waters show that HRHBW cannot be obtained when just using ceramic particles in the absence of the LSPR effect from the Au NPs. The DNHBW of super HRHBW was 30.31%, which was much higher than the value of HRHBW. To consider the effect of temperature, a similar experiment was performed as when preparing the super HRHBW, but DI water was used to wet the Au NP-free ceramic particles. The obtained DNHBW was 21.90%, indicating that temperature only exerted a slight effect on the observed extremely high DNHBW of the super HRHBW. Also, no asymmetric stretching vibrations of isolated water molecules were observed at ca.