Rolling-Friction.ppt-DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering.pptVIP

26-Oct-2010 Rolling Friction Jayadeep U.B. PhD (MED) IISc Outline Introduction Case Studies “Free” or “Inertial” Rolling Accelerated Rolling Rolling with Deformation Mechanisms of Rolling Friction Interfacial slip in the Contact Area Adhesion Hysteresis Effect of Surface Roughness Elastic and Plastic Deformation Electric Double Layer Concluding Remarks Introduction Invention of Wheel – Difference between Rolling and Sliding Friction Energy loss is much higher for sliding friction compared to rolling friction, when the components are reasonably rigid. Highly counter-intuitive: static friction has almost no effect on rolling friction! Combined effect of a number of energy dissipating effects We do not generally talk about a “rolling friction force”! Rolling friction could be a misnomer; Resistance to Rolling is much better… I: Free Rolling or Inertial Rolling Continuum assumption Rigid Cylindrical Roller Rigid Horizontal Surface Velocity remains constant FBD gives: N = W No Frictional Force No Rolling Friction II-A: Accelerated Rolling – down an incline Continuum assumption Rigid Cylindrical Roller Rigid Inclined Surface Velocity increases FBD gives: N = W cosθ f ≤ μ N = μ W cosθ f = μ N leads to slipping r f = I α No Rolling Friction II-B: Accelerated Rolling – on a Horizontal Surface Continuum assumption Rigid Cylindrical Roller Rigid Horizontal Surface Velocity increases FBD gives: N = W F – f = m a r f = I α f ≤ μ N f = μ N leads to slipping No Rolling Friction Rolling with Deformation Continuum assumption Rigid Cylindrical Roller Deformable Horizontal Surface Velocity decreases FBD gives: N cosβ = W N sinβ = ma d N cosβ – r N sinβ = I α No Sliding Friction Mechanisms of Rolling Friction: Coulomb Laws Interfacial Slip In case of hypothetical continuum, the only mechanism for rolling resistance is what we discussed… Coulomb (1781): For same materials, resistance to rolling is proportional to weight and inversely proportional to diameter. Reynolds (1876):