SecondaryEmission(SE)Rad-HardFastCalorimetry.docVIP

Secondary Emission(SE) Rad-Hard Fast Calorimetry Department of Physics Fairfield University Fairfield, CT 06430-5195 D.R. Winn, Co-PI winn@fair1.fairfield.edu Department of Physics University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa Y.Onel, Co-PI yonel@newton.physics.uiowa.edu We propose R D for a novel method for calorimetry at high rates, but especially for doses greatly exceeding 10 GigaRad. Some potential uses include the forward region at the LHC, the near-beam region at the NLC, back-scattered laser polarimetry at the NLC, and possibly in satellite experiments which require operation for lengthy periods under unattenuated cosmic ray and solar wind bombardment. At the LHC, in the forward region (?5), exposures over 10, up to 20 years will accumulate doses well in excess of 50 GRad. Similar high instantaneous rates (albeit with a lower average rate) occur for some versions of NLC, The sampling calorimeter method proposed here collects a secondary emission signal resulting from absorbed radiation, as sampled in a shower. The basic detector concept consists of absorber plates interspersed with secondary emission surfaces. These surfaces may either be ganged together in depth, as in SEM monitors for accelerators, in order to obtain sufficient signal, and/or followed by thin mesh-like (perforated sheet) dynodes. Using standard sub-micron thick Ag of Au coatings as used in beam diagnostics, only 0.02 secondary electrons are emitted per MIP, and thus ~50 surfaces (25 double sided foils, say) would be needed to obtain on average 1 electron per sampling gap between absorber plates. On the other hand, materials exist which have secondary yields above 100 per MIP per surface film, such as synthetic diamond films (g=130 per film) or GaP (g~1,000). It is well-established that many secondary emission surfaces are radiation-hard. Typical Sb- coated SS dynodes (g~5) used in most PMT today survive 50-100 GRad of internal electron bombardment (Cs3Sb deposited on SS), whilst MgO or BeO (i.e.C