通过保护性农业调节土壤养分和有机质提高土壤生产力.PPTVIP

Soil土壤 Medium for crops to anchor and grow是固定作物和作物生长的媒介 Holds water, air and nutrients储存水分、空气和养分 Essential to life on earth对地球生命十分重要 We need to take care of our soil so that it will help us produce the food we need for generations to come我们要珍惜土壤，是其能产出我们及后代所需的食品 What happens when soil is mismanaged土壤管理不善时将会发生什么 What happens to soil when it is degraded土壤退化的后果 土壤有机质与降雨入渗率的比较 SOM level in some Alberta soil部分阿尔伯特与五原土壤有机质水平 Crop production in degraded soil退化土壤上的作物生产 Restoring soil productivity土壤生产力的恢复 Soil Organic Matter (SOM)土壤有机质 SOM and Soil Structure土壤有机质和土壤结构 SOM and Soil Structure土壤有机质和土壤结构 Why SOM is important 为什么有机质很重要？ Managing SOM土壤有机质管理 SOM cannot be increased quickly even when management practices that conserve soil organic matter are adopted土壤有机质的增加不可能太快，即使采取的措施有利于土壤有机质的保持 Only a small fraction of crop residues added to soil remains as soil organic matter只有小部分的秸杆还田转换成有机质 After an extended period of time, the return of all crop residues and the use of forage in rotation with cereals and oilseeds/legume may significantly increase SOM, particularly, the “active” fraction.通过一段时间，秸杆还田和采用饲料作物与谷物和油料/豆类的轮作体系会显著增加土壤有机质，特别是”活性“部分 Fertilization and SOM肥料与土壤有机质 Applying fertilizers will generally increase soil organic matter because the increased crop growth returns larger amounts of residue to the soil一般而言，施肥可以增加产量，进而增加还田的秸杆量，增加有机质的含量 Applying extra fertilizer when adding straw residue will keep the C/N ratio close to microbe need, so less carbon is lost as CO2增加秸杆时，可以通过增施肥料以保持土壤C/N比在微生物需要的范围，因此减少土壤碳以CO2形式散失，增加有机质的含量 Applying fertilizer meets the nutrient needs of both crops and microbes which decompose crop residue施肥时应考虑即满足作物营养和微生物分解秸杆的需求 Crop Rotation and SOM轮作与土壤有机质 Perennial forage is effective as a binding agent in soil aggregation多年生饲草根系密植能有效地改变土壤结构 Nitrogen fertility is enhanced by the growth of legumes通过种植豆类作物增加土壤供氮能力 Increases permeability of dense subsoils because of the deep penetrating tap roots of perennial legumes especially alfalfa由于豆科牧草是深根作物（特别是苜蓿），