Invertebrates_Chap15.doc-DenbighBaptistChristianSchool.docVIP

Invertebrates I: Sponges, Jellyfish, and Worms 15A What is an Invertebrate? “in” – not or without “vertebrate” – one of the bones along the back of an animal Therefore – animal w/o a backbone Skeleton – provides mechanical support to attach muscles; also provides for consistent shape Some skeletons internal; others external 15B Sponges “pore” animals – body consists of numerous pores through which they pump water Phylum – Porifera All live in water, most in oceans though SOME live in fresh water Adult sponges permanently attached to solid objects – unable to move Embryonic (baby) “can” swim for a short time Skeletons made of SPONGIN (flexible fibrous protein) and SPICULES (stiff pointed spikes of calcium carbonate) Hollow central cavity and large opening near top Lining central cavity are collar cells with flagella to cause water to flow inward through small pores and exit through the large upper opening FILTER FEEDERS – because they “filter” water in order to obtain food Cells along lining of central cavity capture microscopic food and absorb O2 in addition to releasing “waste” 15C The Jellyfish: A Cnidarian Phylum Cnidaria Tentacles with stinging cells Usually found in oceans; occasionally in fresh water 15C.1 The Body of a Jellyfish Primary support is “jelly” like mass that fills space between two layers of tissue Hydrostatic skeleton – similar to a water balloon; water provides support Large central cavity surrounded by two layers of tissue Tentacles surround the “mouth” (only body opening) Ectoderm – outer tissue layer Endoderm – inner tissue layer Gastrovascular cavity – inside where jellyfish digests food Food enters mouth and waste leaves Network of nerves throughout the body but no brain to coordinate reactions 15C.2 Jellyfish Activities Tentacles contain NEMATOCYSTS – special cells in the ectoderm Nematocysts contain a “trigger” which causes a thin tube to be forced out Poison is forced through this tube Weak muscle fibers can push food into the mouth an