《Bridge engineering handbook桥梁工程手册-34桥梁地震病害.》.pdf

34 Earthquake Damage to Bridges 34.1 Introduction 34.2 Effects of Site Conditions 34.3 Correlation of Damage with Construction Era 34.4 Effects of Changes in Condition 34.5 Effects of Structural Configuration 34.6 Unseating at Expansion Joints Bridges with Short Seats and Simple Spans • Skewed Bridges • Curved Bridges • Hinge Restrainers 34.7 Damage to Superstructures 34.8 Damage to Bearings Jack P. Moehle 34.9 Damage to Substructures University of California, Berkeley Columns • Beams • Joints • Abutments • Marc O. Eberhard Foundations • Approaches University of Washington 34.10 Summary 34.1 Introduction Earthquake damage to a bridge can have severe consequences. Clearly, the collapse of a bridge places people on or below the bridge at risk, and it must be replaced after the earthquake unless alternative transportation paths are identified. The consequences of less severe damage are less obvious and dramatic, but they are nonetheless important. A bridge closure, even if it is temporary, can have tremendous consequences, because bridges often provide vital links in a transportation system. In the immediate aftermath of an earthquake,