Chapter1Notes-Preliminaries.docVIP

Chapter 1 Preliminaries Types of Numbers: 1. Natural numbers (N)- the counting numbers 1,2,3,4, 2. Whole Numbers (W) – the counting numbers and zero 0,1,2,3,… 3. Integers (Z) – the counting numbers their inverse and zero -3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3… 4. Rational Numbers (Q) – numbers that can be expressed as a ratio (quotient) of two Integers where the denominator can’t be zero. In decimal form, a Rational number repeats itself, or terminates. Ex.?, -1.54, 11.50 Have all the algebraic and order properties of real #’s but lacks the Completeness property 5. Irrational Numbers (Ir) – numbers that cannot be expressed as a ratio or quotient of 2 Integers, and the decimals don’t terminate or repeat. Ex.π, √2, . 6. Real Numbers (R) – all of the above types are subsets of real numbers, real numbers can be Expressed as decimals Ex. Classify the numbers in order from least to greatest: 2.333, π, √5, -11/2, 2.7652 Real numbers can be represented geometrically as points on a number line called the Real Line Properties of Real Numbers Fall into 3 categories: Algebraic Properties – say that real #’s can be added, subtracted, multiplied, divided, to produce more real #’s ****Rule: you can never divide by 0 Additive Identity Property – the sum of a number and 0 is that number Ex. 5 + 0= 5 n + 0 = n Multiplicative Identity Property – the product of a number and 1 is that number Ex. 5 ? 1 = 5 n ? 1 = n c)Additive Inverse Property – the sum of a number and its opposite is 0 Ex. 4 + (-4) = 0 n + (-n) = 0 Multiplicative Inverse Property – the product of a nonzero number and its Reciprocal is 1 Ex. 2 ? ? = 1 n ? 1/n = 1 Ex. Find the additive and multiplicative inverses of each number: 12 -? -.01 Closure Property – the sum or product of any two real numbers is a real number Ex. 3+4=7/ 3?4=12 a+b ? R and ab ? R Commutative Property – adding or multiplying num