Chapter38EnvironmentalEmergencies-JonesBartlett.ppt

Scorpion Stings A sting from the more neurotoxic bark scorpion causes few local symptoms. Systemic symptoms begin within minutes Peak at 4 to 6 hours Resolve within 24 to 72 hours Scorpion Stings Symptoms Sympathetic stimulation: Tachycardia Hypertension Palpitations Dry mouth High temperature Parasympathetic stimulation: Bradycardia Hypotension Salivation Defecation Cranial nerve findings Scorpion Stings Symptoms (cont’d) Somatic stimulation Muscle contractions Myoclonic jerking Fasciculations Scorpion Stings Prehospital treatment: ABCs Monitoring Transport Intubation if necessary IV for volumes needed for blood pressure Scorpion Stings Prehospital treatment (cont’d): Ice pack for local swelling Immobilize extremity Constricting band Treat seizures per protocol Scorpion Stings In-hospital treatment includes care for ABCs: Alpha and beta blockers Atropine Vasoactive drugs Antivenin if available Tick Bites Blood-sucking arthropods found in rural, wooded areas Bites a concern because of disease transmission Lyme disease Rocky Mountain spotted fever ? Joao Estevao A. Freitas (jefras)/ShutterStock, Inc. Tick Bites Treatment Remove tick: Use curved forceps to grab head as close to skin as possible. Pull straight up using even pressure. Do not twist or jerk. Dispose of it in container of alcohol. Tick Bites Once tick is removed: Wash bite with soap and water. May be no reason to transport if patient is asymptomatic (check with local protocol). Advise patient to see a physician. Summary Environmental emergencies: Medical conditions caused or worsened by weather, terrain, or unique atmospheric conditions such as underwater or high altitude Predisposing risk factors include very young, elderly, poor state of health, and certain medications. Summary Thermoregulation: Body’s ability to ensure a balance between heat production and release, with the hypothalamus and skin playing major roles Body produces heat through metabolism; basal metabolic rate is the heat energy produ