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Chapter 10—From Proteins to Phenotypes MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The research of which of the following scientists showed that genetic disorders and abnormal metabolism are related? A. Sir Archibald Garrod B. Francis Crick C. Linus Pauling D. Linda Bartoshuk E. James Neel ANS: A PTS: 1 2. Which one of the following is NOT a symptom of PKU? A. Unusually light colored hair and skin B. Musty body odor C. Jerky arm and leg movements D. Mental retardation E. Vomiting and digestive upset ANS: E PTS: 1 3. Dietary treatment of galactosemia A. need not begin until one or two months after birth. B. requires a low protein diet. C. can be discontinued by the age 10?12. D. completely eliminates symptoms of the disease. E. none of these. ANS: E PTS: 1 4. The hemoglobin molecule A. has four subunits of two types. B. has two subunits that can be formed from four types. C. is involved in amino acid metabolism. D. acts as a cell surface receptor. E. is controlled by a single gene. ANS: A PTS: 1 5. Results from the study of globin variants indicate that A. all amino acid substitutions cause severe phenotypic effects. B. the alteration of one amino acid can cause a genetic disease. C. extended chains do not function to carry oxygen. D. all mutations in globin are caused by changes in amino acids. E. none of these is indicated. ANS: B PTS: 1 6. Beta thalassemia is most often caused by A. amino acid substitutions. B. extended chains in beta globin. C. lowered or absent synthesis of beta globin. D. excessive synthesis of beta globin. E. altered rates of oxygen transport. ANS: C PTS: 1 7. The existence of differential drug sensitivity serves to reinforce the idea that A. many people carry genetic defects. B. each individual is biologically and biochemically unique. C. drugs need to be more closely regulated. D. metabolic blocks are a widespread phenomenon. E. none of these is reinforced. ANS: B PTS: 1 8. The nervous system damage symptomatic of un