Chapter VII.pptVIP

Lecture Notes University Physics -Fall (2009) 细推物理须行乐， 何用浮名绊此生。 授课教师 ：Professor Dr. 王忆 Tel：0750-3296400(O) 陈瑞祺科学馆 Room: 209 or 107 Email: yiwangll@126.com yiwangll@ 五邑大学数理系 纳米与薄膜材料研究所 Several Questions 3W Why should we learn physics? What will we learn? What can we do using physics? New chemical moleculer? C3H3= Clear Head; Clean Habits; Clever Hand Chapter VII 温度 (Temperature) 与气体分子运动论 §7.1 宏观和微观 平衡态 macroscopic microscopic Basic Concepts： Example7-1:Calculate the volume occupied by 1 mol of an ideal gas at 20℃ and at atomspheric pressure. Use this volume to calculate the mass density of air, whose molecular weight is 29.2g/mol. Solution: It follows from the ideal gas law that for 1 mol of gas, pV=RT, V=RT/p. Under the given conditions T=20.0+273=293K V=(1mol)(8.31J/mol.K)(293K)/1.10χ105Pa =2.41χ10-2 m3 The mass density: ρ=29.2/2.41χ10-2=1.21kg/m3 Example7-2: Exactly 1 mol of an ideal gas is taken through the sequence of change show on the p-V diagram. The change A→B is an isothermal transformation. In B→C, the transformation is isobaric: The gas is compressed in volume in such a way that the pressure remains fixed, (a)If pA=5.00atm and VA=8.00L, what is the temperature TA? (b) If VB=40.0L, what is pB? (c) If TC=TA/8, what is VC? Solution: The starting point: pV=nRT (a)TA=pAVA/nR=486K (b)TB=TA pB = nRTB/VB = nRTA/VB =(nR/VB)(pAVA/nR)=pA(VA/VB)=1.00atm (c) VC=nRTC/pC=nR/8pC(pAVA/nR)=5.00L Some average values in a gas A dilute gas consists of N molecules of mass m, and it is in thermal equilibrium at temperature T. Consider a box. The molecules are moving in random directions and the average velocity of the molecules is zero because as many move in one direction as move in another. V=vx=vy=vz=0, but the same is not true for the average speed. Pressure arises from the multiple collisions the molecules of a ga