Impactodediferentesparámetrossobrelosdefectos.PDFVIP

Impacto de diferentes parámetros sobre los defectos VICENTE MUÑOZ SANJOSÉ 1 Single Crystals Single crystal: lattice extends the edges of the material, e.g. a diamond Single crystals are possible Above their melting points, metals are liquids. The atoms are randomly arranged and relatively free to move On cooling to below the melting point, the atoms rearrange forming the ordered, crystalline solid structure VICENTE MUÑOZ SANJOSÉ 2 Polycrystalline In most cases, solidification begins from multiple sites, each of which can produce a different orientation The result is a “polycrystalline” material consisting of many small crystals of “grains” Each grain has the same crystal lattice, but the lattices are misoriented from grain to grain VICENTE MUÑOZ SANJOSÉ 3 Crystal Defects Crystals are not perfect Perfect Vacancies Interstitials VICENTE MUÑOZ SANJOSÉ 4 Why are defects important? -They can speed up the process of crystal growth by orders of magnitude -The distorted crystal lattice around defects provides rapid diffusion pathways within crystals (geometry) - They are intimately involved in several deformation mechanisms (kinematics) - Provide a driving force for many deformation processes (dynamics) - Can weaken the strength of a crystal by several orders of magnitude -The movement of dislocations can lead to the formation of crystallographic - preferred orientations VICENTE MUÑOZ SANJOSÉ