17.Light.ppt.pptVIP

EM Plane Wave: x y z E k B E and B constant on planar “phase front” Wave propagates along k, magnitude = 2p/l E and B are in phase Energy density (J/m3) in an electrostatic field: Energy density (J/m3) in an magnetostatic field: Energy density in an electromagnetic wave is equally divided: Rate of energy transport: Power (W) cDt A Power per unit area (W/m2): Pointing Vector John Henry Poynting Poynting Poynting Vector oscillates very rapidly! Take the time average: “Irradiance” (W/m2) absorber EM radiation carries momentum: Radiation pressure Light is really made up of particles - photons absorber They carry energy: and momentum: “H-bar” is Planck’s constant: Le Me Fe Ee Ie Radiant Power Fe W Radiant Exitance Me W/m2 Irradiance Ee W/m2 Radiant Intensity Ie W/sr Radiance (brightness) Le W/sr-m2 Radiometry: the measurement of EM radiation W 10-9 10-12 10-15 10-6 10-3 1 103 X-ray Gamma ray UV Infrared radar radio l (meters) Visible Light 400 nm 700 nm Photometry: the measurement of EM radiation as perceived by the eye. (me) (you) (administrator) equal radiance V(l) 0 1 400 nm 700 nm Luminous efficiency Luminous Flux Fv lumen (lm) Luminous Exitance Mv lm/m2 Illuminance Ev lm/m2 or lux (lx) Luminous Intensity Iv lm/sr or candela (cd) Luminance (brightness) Lv cd/m2 or nit (Photometric value) = 685 x V(l) x (radiometric value) * * * * * * * * * * * * * *