Ch2FluidStatics.pptVIP

Ch2 Fluid Statics Fluid either at rest or moving in a manner that there is no relative motion between adjacent particles. No shearing stress in the fluid Only pressure (force that develop on the surfaces of the particles) * 2.1 Pressure at a point N/m2 (Force/Area) Y: Z: What happen at a pt. ? is arbitrarily chosen Pressure at a pt. in a fluid at rest, or in motion, is independent of direction as long as there are no shearing stresses present. (Pascal’s law) 2.2 Basic equation for Pressure Field Surface body forces acting on small fluid element pressure weight How does the pressure in a fluid which there are no shearing stresses vary from pt. to pt.? Surface forces: Similarly, in z and x directions: Newton’s second law 2.3 Pressure variation in a fluid at rest General equation of motion for a fluid in which there are no shearing stresses. 2.3.1 Incompressible Hydrostatic Distribution *see Fig. 2.2 pressure head Ex: Pressure in a homogeneous, incompressible fluid at rest: ~ reference level, indep. of size or shape of the container. The required equality of pressures at equal elevations Throughout a system. Transmission of fluid pressure 2.3.2 Compressible Fluid perfect gas: Assume Troposphere: 2.4 Standard Atmosphere (Mercury barometer) Example 2.3 2.6 Manometry 1. Piezometer Tube: 2. U-Tube Manometer: 3. Inclined-tube manometer see examples *explain Fig. 2.11 Differential U-tube manometer Example 2.5 2.5 Measurement of Pressure See Fig. 2.7 Absolute Gage pressure Ex. 2.5 2.6.3 Fig. 2.12 Inclined tube manometer Small difference in gas pressure If pipes A B contain a gas 2.7 Mechanical and Electronic Pressure Measuring Device . Bourdon pressure gage (elastic structure) Bourdon Tube curved tube straight deformation dial . A zero reading on the gage indicates that the measured pressure . Pressure transducer－pressure V.S. time Bourdon tube is connected to a linear variable differentia