exposure-CarlsonCenterforImagingScience.pptVIP

The Camera and Photography Typical Imaging Chain for Photography Collection Depth of Focus: The range of film locations for which the photo of an object at a given distance comes out acceptably sharp.Depth of Field: The range of object distances that result in an acceptable photograph. Exposure Exposure is defined as the total amount of light falling on the film. Exposure = Illuminance * Time Illuminance Illuminance is the rate of light falling on a given area (i.e. energy per unit time). Illuminance is controlled by aperture: a larger aperture brings more light to the focus. Aperture and “F number” F# (F number) is often used in photography to describe the aperture. F# = focal length of the system/diameter of aperture Exposure Time Exposure time is controlled by the shutter: when closed, the film is not exposed to light. Exposure time is simply the time interval between opening and closing the shutter. Types of Shutters BTL or Leaf Shutter Made of overlapping “leaves” that slide out of the way when shutter opens. Located between the imaging lens elements. BTL or Leaf Shutter Advantages Uniform illumination independent of film size. Entire film frame illuminated at once. Disadvantages Illumination of frame not constant over time. Limitations on shutter speed. Focal Plane Shutter Metal or fabric with a narrow slit opening which traverses the area to be exposed. Located just before the detector (film) at the focal plane. Focal Plane Shutter Advantages Cost effective (one shutter needed for all lenses - great for interchangeable lens systems) Can achieve very fast shutter speeds (~1/10000 sec) Disadvantages May cause time distortion if the film size is large (since the shutter slit must traverse the film) Why control exposure with aperture and shutter? Flexibility! Fast shutter speed for freezing action (e.g. sports photography). Slow shutter speed for low light levels (e.g. sunsets). Small aperture for bright scenes or to enable longer exposures. Large ap