大量程指针式指示表自动检测仪的设计.pdf

摘 要 摘 要 大量程指针式指示表在计量检测部门、生产企业中普遍应用。在人工检测过程中， 容易受到人眼的视觉误差和视觉疲劳的影响，使得检测效率低、可靠性差、周期长。 针对某公司的需要，本文设计了一种大量程指针式指示表自动检测仪。 本检测仪由伺服控制系统、机械结构、图像采集与处理系统组成。首先，对步进 电机和驱动器的主要参数进行分析，选择出满足系统要求的部件型号，并且设计了可 通过串口通信的运动控制卡，实现了计算机平台下的控制。另外，根据机械结构及各 零部件的性能要求，对机械部分进行整体方案设计。通过专用夹具实现指示表的固定 及定位，用光栅传感器实现位移检测，利用机械传动机构提供进给，从而推动被检指 示表测杆的运动。最后，将数字图像处理技术应用于指示表自动检测仪中，通过 CCD 检测系统实现表盘图像的采集，利用最大方差法进行图像分割和 Canny 方法进行边缘 检测，对表盘指针的提取，通过利用霍夫变换方法对其进行读数识别。 为了验证理论的合理性，搭建了相应的实验样机，对指示表的各受检点进行检测， 依据国家指示表检定仪规程要求对检测结果进行评估，判断出检测仪的合格性。实验 结果表明，本文设计的指示表自动检测仪，能够极大的提高检测效率、缩短检测时间。 关键词：指针式指示表；光栅传感器；图像处理；读数识别；测量误差 I Abstract Abstract Large range pointer dial gauge is commonly used in the measurement testing departments, manufacturers. It is easily affected by human visual error and visual fatigue in the manual testing process. So that it has low detection efficiency, poor reliability and long cycle. Response to a company needs, this paper presents a large range pointer dial gauges automatic inspection instrument. The detector consists of servo control system, mechanical structure, image acquisition and processing system. Firstly, this paper analyses the main parameters of the stepper motor and drive. And then it selects the component models to meet the system requirements. It also designs motion control card which can get through serial communication, achieving a control under the computer platform. In addition, according to performance requirements of the mechanical structure and the parts, this paper designs overall program of the mechanical parts. Realizing fixation and positioning of indicato