Bk2Ch8.1萬有引力定律.docVIP

Chapter 8.1 萬有引力定律 Gravitation (Introduction) 為何地球的 重力加速率g = 9.83 ms-2 /重力強度g = 9.83 Nkg-1 ? 8.1 Newton’s law of universal gravitation Terms gravitational force (引力) Newton’s law of universal gravitation (牛頓萬有引力定律) universal gravitational constant (萬有引力常數) 1 Every particle in the universe attracts every other particle with a gravitational force. 宇宙中所有粒子都受 萬有引力 互相吸引。 2 The forces act along the line joining the two particles. They form an action-and-reaction pair. They are equal in _magnitude__ but opposite in __directions___.引力沿着兩個粒子相連的直線產生作用，形成 作用力─反作用力 對，兩個力的__大小_相同但___方向__相反。 3 If two particles of mass m1 and m2 are separated by a distance r, by Newton’s law of universal gravitation, the magnitude of the gravitational force F between them is where G is the universal gravitational constant 萬有引力常數_. The accepted value of G is 6.67 ( 10–11 N m2 kg–2.  Example 1 Student P of mass 65 kg is 1 m away from student Q of mass 60 kg. Find the magnitude of the gravitational force between them. Assume students P and Q are two spherically symmetrical objects. Take G = 6.67 ( 10–11 N m2 kg–2. 質量為65 kg的學生P與質量為60 kg的學生Q相距1 m。求兩者之間的引力的量值。假設學生P和學生Q皆為球對稱的物體。 已知G = 6.67 ( 10–11 N m2 kg–2。 Example 2 Find the gravitational force acting on a ball of 1 kg on the Earth’s surface by (a) the Earth, (b) the Moon and (c) the Sun. Given: G = 6.67 ( 10–11 N m2 kg–2 Mass of the Earth ME = 5.98 ( 1024 kg Mass of the Moon MM = 7.35 ( 1022 kg Mass of the Sun MS = 1.99 ( 1030 kg Radius of the Earth RE = 6370 km Earth-Moon distance REM = 3.78 ( 108 m Earth-Sun distance RES = 1.50 ( 1011 m (a) Gravitational force by the Earth地球作用於球的引力  (b) Gravitational force by the Moon月球作用於球的引力 (c) Gravitational force by the Sun太陽作用於球的引力 5 The Sun is much more massive than the Earth, but it is also much far away from us, therefore the effect of the gravitational force from the Sun is hardly noticeable. 太陽的質量比地球_大_，但由於太陽離我們 極遠，因此我們無法感覺到太陽的引力作用。 6 From the law of universal gravitation, the weigh