Planning Techniques.docVIP

Planning Techniques 进度计划 A number of people require plans of varying complexity for varying purposes. In the construction industry the types of planners can be grouped by the role their organization plays in the construction process. In this way there are three types of planners: the client organization; the engineers/architects or designers; and the contractors. 很多人出自其不同的目的而需要繁简程度不同的计划。在建筑行业中，计划人员可以按照他们的机构在建筑过程中所起的作用而分为三类：业主单位、工程师/建筑师或设计师、承包商。 The Client The client organization is interested in the plan of the overall project from the acquisition of the land to the use of the facility. Primarily the client organization is interested in determining the times of outflows of cash for which it has to make provision and in the overall strategic decisions of the projects management. The client will operate with activities whose durations are likely to be weeks or months rather than days. Major decisions, such as the type of contract which may range from a traditional form with design and construction running sequentially to design/construct forms where design and construction overlap, will have an impact on the overall duration of the project and the client s cash flows and will be examined using the overall project plan. 业主 业主单位关心工程项目的整体计划，它包括从征地到设施的使用。最初，业主单位关心的是确定资金的投放时间并为此制定相应的条款和进行整个项目管理的关键性决策。在业主的计划中，工作所需要的时间是以星期或者月为单位进行计算的，而不是以天为单位。合同的种类很多，可以从传统的设计和施工顺序进行的方式到设计和施工搭接的统包方式。这将影响到项目整个工期的长短和业主的现金流动，因此，在作出确定合同种类的这种重要决策时，应该对项目的整体计划进行认真的研究。 Another example of the use of the project plan will be the client s decision on whether to proceed with procurement of mechanical/electrical plant, before construction contracts are signed, the procurement times and the overall project duration being the key factors in such decisions. 另外一个应用项目计划的例子是，业主是否会在签订施工合同之前做出采购机电设备的决策。采购工作所需要的时间和整个项目工期的长短是影响这项决定的主要因素。 The client organization will rely heavily on the projects plan or program as a decision aid when considering these and other strategic issues. Later the client organizati