词汇学复习提纲.docVIP

词汇学复习提纲 Lecture One Introduction to English Lexicology Relation to other Disciplines Morphology (how a word is formed through the morpheme structure), Semantics (the study of meanings), Etymology (the study of the origins and history of the meaning and form of words), Stylistics (the study of style), Lexicography (description of the origins, form, meaning and usage of words) Lecture Two Chapter 1 Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabulary What is a word a minimal free form of a language a sound unity a unit of meaning a form that can function alone in a sentence Sound and meaning Arbitrary (conventional) relationship between linguistic unit and its reference Sound and form Theoretically sound and form should agree with each other, but actually there are many differences between the two. Reasons: 1 alphabet was from the Romans, letters do not correspond to each sound. 2 pronunciation changed more rapidly than spelling over the years. 3 early casualness in spelling 4 Borrowing words are not all assimilated. What is Vocabulary? Classification of words Basic word stock and non-basic vocabulary (classification via use frequency) Content words/notional words and functional words/empty/form words (via notion) Native words and borrowed words (via origin) Lecture Three Chapter 2 The Development of the English Vocabulary 2.1 Indo-European language family Balto-Slavic: Prussian, Lithuanian, Polish, Bulgarian, Slovenian, Russian Albanian Indo-Iranian: Persian, Hindi Armenian Italic: Portuguese, Spanish, Italian, Romanian, French Celtic: Irish, Breton, Scottish Germanic: Norwegian, Icelandic, Danish, Swedish, English, German Hellenic: Greek 2.2 A historical overview of the English vocabulary The first inhabitant of the British Isles is the Celts. Their languages were Celtic. The second major language was the Latin of the Roman Legions. When the Roman empire began to crumble, the Germanic tribes ( Angles, Saxons, and Jut