人教版 高二英语选修8 unit2.docVIP

Unit 2克隆：它将把我们引向何方？ Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay. It is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant. It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones. It also happens in animals when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg. The fact is that these are both examples of natural clones. 克隆一直与我们同在，而如今它还要持续下去。这是一种用来生产与原型完全相同的动植物的方法。当园艺师从生长着的植物上剪下枝条来培植新植物时，就会产生这种现象。这种现象也发生在动物身上，从同一个原生卵子产生性别和相貌相同的双胞胎也是克隆。实际上，这些都是自然克隆现象。 ?????? ?Cloning has two major uses. Firstly, gardeners use it all the time to produce commercial quantities of plants. Secondly, it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals. Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated. It is a difficult task to undertake. Many attempts to clone mammals failed. But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough - the cloning of Dolly the sheep. The procedure works like this: 克隆技术有两大用途。第一，园艺师一直用它生产大量的供商用的植物；第二，它在对新植物物种的研究以及对动物的医学研究方面都是很有价值的。克隆植物简单，但克隆动物就比较复杂了，是一项很难完成的任务。克隆哺乳动物的多次尝试都失败了。但是，科学家的决心和耐心最终得到了回报，这就是1996年具有突破性的克隆羊“多莉”的诞生。它的程序如下图所示： 1．母羊(A)提供一个卵细胞。 2．在卵细胞中取出细胞核。 3．卵细胞准备接受新的细胞核。 4．母羊(B)提供一个供克隆的躯干细胞。该细胞核应包含生产一头新羊所需要的全部基因。 5．取出该细胞的细胞核。 6．用电把母羊(B)的躯干细胞核和母羊(A)的卵细胞结合起来。 7．细胞分裂并生长成胚胎。 8．把胚胎植入另外一头母羊(C)体内，母羊(C)就是克隆羊的代孕者。 9．这头小羔羊就是母羊(B)所提，供的细胞核克隆而成的。 ?On the one hand, the whole scientific world followed the progress of the first successful clone, Dolly the sheep. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dollys illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal. Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years, half the length of the life of the original sheep. Sadly the same arbitrary fate affected other species, such as cloned mice. The questions that concerned