上网—2011级国际私法英文.docVIP

2013年级国际私法课程英文短文 The English conflict of laws is a body of rules whose purpose is to assist an English court in deciding a case which contains a foreign element. It consists of three main topics, which concern respectively: （ⅰ）the jurisdiction of an English court, in the sense of its competence to hear and determine a case; （ⅱ）the selection of the appropriate rules of a system of law, English or foreign, which it should apply in deciding a case over which it has jurisdiction; and （ⅲ）the recognition and enforcement of judgments rendered by foreign courts or awards of foreign arbitrations. 英美冲突法的一套法律规则，旨在协助英国法院在涉外案件中实施判决。它由三个主题组成，分别为：（1）英国法院的司法管辖权，这是从其审理和判决案件的职权来说的；（2）从一个法律体系中选择适当的法律规则，英国的或者是外国的，它应当适用于有司法管辖权案件的判决；（3）对外国法院或外国仲裁机构的判决的承认和执行。 In the case of foreign countries with a federal constitutional organization, reference to the foreign country or law is not generally to the state in an international sense, but to one of the component parts thereof, if these are regarded in the constitutional law of that country as being separate entities having separate legal systems. Thus, the reference is not usually to the United States of America, but to a state therein, such as New York or California, or to Canada, but to a province, for example Ontario or Quebec. 在有联邦宪法组织的涉外案例中，对外国或外国法律的参考一般不会针对它在国际上的状态，而是针对与其相关联的某个组成部分，如果在该国宪法中这些组成部分被承认是拥有不同法律制度的独立实体的话。因此，这种参考通常不单是对美国而言，还包括其中的每一个州，如纽约州或加利福尼亚州，或是针对加拿大及其中的某个省，例如安大略或魁北克。 ‘Succession to immovables is governed by the lex situs’ falls into two parts: （ⅰ）‘succession to immovables’ and（ⅱ）‘situs’. The part as in （ⅰ） are sometimes called ‘operative facts’, but a more accurate name for them is, perhaps, ‘legal categories’. They are like pigeon-holes into which the legal issue disclosed by the facts of cases may be placed. The part as in（ⅱ）are called ‘connecting factors’, since they connect the legal categories to the applicable law. For the incidental question to arise there must be （1）a principal or main question governed by