人力资源管理Chapter 3.pptVIP

Business Environment (p58-83) Organizations as Open Systems Note that organizations are “open systems,” such that their long term effectiveness is determined by their ability to anticipate, manage, and respond to changes in their environment, with such changes resulting from external forces and/or stakeholders External forces include the labor force, the natural environment, the economy, and different cultures, while stakeholders include shareholders, customers, competitors, suppliers, creditors, governmental agencies and their regulations Note the impact of these environmental influences on individual, interpersonal, team, and organizational processes; organizations that do not effectively adapt to environmental change will fail Examples of Input Used by Organisations Purpose of Business The External Environment Organisations are open systems affected by, and in turn affect, their external environments External environment all relevant forces outside a firm’s boundaries relevant - factors to which managers must pay attention two elements comprise the external environment competitive environment - immediate environment surrounding a firm (industry) macroenvironment - fundamental factors that generally affect all organisations Federal Regulation Agencies Technology in Services Technology in Services (cont.) U.S. Household Size Racial/Ethnic Composition of U.S. Population, 2000 U.S. Civilian Labor Force Composition by Sex Percentage of Population Over 65 Adult Illliteracy rates Age: More Older People in the Workforce Gender: More Women Working Race Ethnicity: More people of colour in the workforce People with Differing physical Mental abilities Educational Levels: Mismatches between education McDonald’s  Macroenvironment The Five Forces Model of Competition Industry Competitiveness Analyses Industry Competitiveness Analyses Intensity of Rivalry Among Competitors Industry rivalry increases when: There are numerous or equally balanced competitors. Industry growt