UNDERSTANDING STEM CELL RESEARCH.pptVIP

UNDERSTANDING STEM CELL RESEARCH Larry Goldstein, Ph.D. Vice Chair, Public Policy Committee The American Society for Cell Biology UNDERSTANDING THE DEBATE ABOUT HUMAN STEM CELL RESEARCH WHY ARE THESE TECHNOLOGIES NEEDED? LIMITS OF ORGAN TRANSPLANT “REGENERATIVE MEDICINE” EMBRYONIC AND ADULT STEM CELLS SOMATIC CELL NUCLEAR TRANSPLANTATION AND CLONING SCIENCE LEGAL SITUATION BASIC PRINCIPLES CELLS ARE THE FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF THE HUMAN BODY SMALL BUSINESSES CELLS HAVE DIFFERENT JOBS SPECIALIZE/DIFFERENTIATED PANCREATIC CELLS-INSULIN NEURONS-TRANSMIT SIGNALS HEART CELLS-CONTRACT TO PUMP BLOOD MANY DISEASES ARE CAUSED BY BREAKDOWNS IN THE CELL SOMETIMES CELL ALIVE BUT DAMAGED SOMETIMES CELL DIES AND IS LOST MANY DISEASES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH TISSUE DAMAGE OR LOSS ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE-BRAIN CELLS (4 MILLION) PARKINSON’S DISEASE-BRAIN CELLS (1.5 MILLION) RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA-RETINAL CELLS CANCER-VARIOUS (8.2 MILLION) DIABETES-PANCREATIC CELLS (16 MILLION) MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY-MUSCLE HEART FAILURE AND OTHER CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE-HEART MUSCLE (58 MILLION) KIDNEY AND LIVER DISEASE USING TRANSPLANT ORGANS TO REPLACE DAMAGED TISSUE THE GOOD: KNOWN SOURCES-LIVE DONOR OR CADAVER SURGICAL REPLACEMENT METHODS ADVANCED DONOR ORGAN ARCHITECTURE GENERALLY APPROPRIATE THE BAD: DIFFICULT TO FIND GENETICALLY MATCHED DONORS LONGEVITY AND SAFETY CAN BE PROBLEMATIC THE UGLY DONOR TISSUE NOT ALWAYS KNOWN, E.G., ALZHEIMERS OR PARKINSONS NEED FAR OUTSTRIPS SUPPLY HOW MIGHT STEM CELLS HELP? HOW CAN STEM CELLS HELP? WHAT ARE STEM CELLS? CELLS THAT CAN DIVIDE TO GIVE RISE TO: MORE STEM CELLS CELLS THAT CAN ADOPT SPECIALIZED JOBS WHY ARE STEM CELLS PROMISING? THE RAW MATERIAL TO REPLACED DAMAGED CELLS AND ORGANS? TOOLS TO UNDERSTAND AND COMBAT DISEASE LIMITS OF ORGAN TRANSPLANT SOLUTION TO SUPPLY AND SOURCE PROBLEMS OVERVIEW OF NORMAL MAMMALIAN DEVELOPMENT EXAMPLES OF NATURALLY OCCURRING STEM CELLS HOW ARE EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS DERIVED? WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS? STRONG, RELIABLE