外语教学法.docVIP

1、什么是方法？ approach, method, technique “Approach is the level at which assumptions and beliefs about language and language learning are specified; method is the level at which theory is put into practice and at which choices are made about the particular skills to be taught, the content to be taught, and the order in which the content will be presented; technique is the level at which classroom procedures are described.? (by Edward Anthony) The organizational key is that techniques carry out a method which is consistent with an approach. Method consists of approach, design, procedure. (by Jack c. Richards Theodore S. Rodgers) （1）Approach: a. A theory of the nature of language - an account of the nature of language proficiency - an account of the basic units of language structure 语言学理论 Traditional linguistics: 传统语言学 American structuralism 美国结构主义 Transformational generative linguistics 转换生成语言学 Functional Linguistics 功能语言学 Natural of traditional linguistics传统语言学的特征： Traditional linguistics was practical in nature. People made a study of language in order to understand the classic words of ancient times and to teach students. They gave priority to the written form and used words as their starting point. They often took a prescriptive approach when they discussed rules of language. American structuralism 美国结构主义 The father of American structuralism — Leonard Bloomfield. Fries 语言是表达意思的结构体系，语言学习就是掌握各体系要素：语音单位、语法单位、词汇单位的过程。代表为：听说法、完全肢体反应法、沉默法。 Transformational generative linguistics 转换生成语言学 The transformational generative linguistics was first put forward by Noam Chomsky in 1957. He wrote a book Syntactic Structures to spread his theory. His main points---Chomsky assumes that children are born with a language acquisition device(LAD Functional Linguistics 功能语言学 Halliday advocates that the social context of language use can be analyzed in terms of the field, tenor and mode of discourse