双层涡旋气流等子弧切割工艺及机理研究.pdfVIP

摘 要 摘 要 等离子弧切割具有适用范围广、切割速度快、精度高、成本低等优点，广泛 应用于船舶、桥梁、机械等重型装备及钢结构制造。本文研究了切割工艺参数对 双层涡旋气流等离子弧切口质量的影响，从而为正确制定相关切割工艺，以提高 切割质量和效率提供指导。试验结果表明：随着切割速度的增大及切割电流的减 小，切口上下宽度减小、斜角增大；切割速度及电流增大，切口面挂渣程度减小。 同时，低速侧切口面斜角小、挂渣多，适当切割速度下可以获得接近垂直的切口。 此外，双层氧气等离子弧切割，切口面光洁、挂渣少，但上下口宽度大，且在低 速切割时切口容易出现锯齿波状和负倾角；双层空气等离子弧切割时，得到单侧 垂直切口的切割速度范围最宽。 另外，本文通过合理假设，建立了等离子切割电弧的数学模型，并利用 ANSYS 软件对电弧的温度场和流场进行了数值计算与分析，为后续对双层涡旋 气流等离子切割电弧的数值计算打下基础。计算结果表明：电弧温度和内部粒子 流速，分别随着沿轴线距离的增大，总体呈现先增大后减小的趋势；与等离子焊 接电弧相比，等离子切割电弧温度分布显得更为集中。此外，随着切割电流的增 大和喷嘴孔径的减小，电弧平均温度上升，且电弧内部粒子流速增大。计算结果 与理论及有关文献基本符合。 关键词：双层涡旋气流，等离子弧切割，切口质量，有限元法，ANSYS I Abstract Abstract Plasma arc cutting has the advantages such as a wide application, fast cutting speed, high tolerance and low cost, and has been widely applied in dockyards, bridges, as well as machineries of other heavy equipment industries and constructions of steel structure. This paper discusses the effects of parameters on the kerf quality of plasma arc cutting to correctly adjust the parameters of dual swirling plasma arc cutting, to provide theoretical basis for improving the kerf quality and cutting efficiency. The experimental results show that with the cutting speed increases and the current decreases, the width of kerf decreases and the bevel angle increases. The dross attached level obviously decreases with the cutting speed and current increases. At the same time, the bevel angle of low speed side obviously bellows that of high speed side, however, the dross attached is opposite. We can obtain a vertical kerf on one side when the cutting speed